For example :
I ignored them, put on my headphones, and listened to Teenagers by My Chemical Romance, while reading the third book of Harry Potter. Kung Fu Panda was playing on the television, but I wasn’t interested in watching it.
So, do you need permission to write those sort of things in your book?
What I’ve been thinking: If my book turns out to be a miserable failure and somehow gets published, and I actually used the name of, say, a band in my book, THE BAND WOULD BE HUMILIATED =n=


Titles are fine. If you want to quote text and lyrics, you need to get permission if you are going to publish it. The publisher has a department or person specifically charged with getting the permission.
Doesn’t really matter unless they make it matter. It never hurts to check the copyrights, but generally nobody has absolute domain over popular culture. If you get your book to the publishing stage, it’s a good question to ask your agent or editor. They’ll know better what to do.
Yes, you can say the name of a published book, a movie, song, etc in your story. You don’t need permission unless you quote the lyrics, text, or dialogue of the song, book, or movie.
I’m not sure about the copyright laws, but if it’s unneeded, don’t bother. (Does everyone really need to know what song/band, movie and book?)